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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 121(1): e20220469, jan. 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550031

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento: Seguimento de coorte retrospectiva de 30 anos que se aproxima da história natural dos tumores cardíacos diagnosticados no feto uma vez que nenhum caso foi submetido à interrupção da gestação. Objetivo: Avaliar a morbidade e mortalidade perinatal e em longo prazo em fetos com diagnóstico de tumor cardíaco. Como objetivo secundário avaliar os fatores que influenciaram os resultados perinatais e pós-natais. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva envolvendo 74 gestantes com diagnóstico ecocardiográfico fetal de tumor cardíaco acompanhadas em dois serviços de referência no período de maio de 1991 a novembro de 2021. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados por meio de frequências absolutas (n) e relativas (%), mediana e intervalos interquartis. Para avaliar a associação entre as características ecocardiográficas e as manifestações clínicas com os resultados perinatais e pós-natais, foi aplicado o teste exato de Fisher. O cálculo da sobrevida global foi realizado pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e a comparação de curvas pelo teste de log-rank. O tempo de seguimento, calculado em meses, foi definido a partir da data de alta do hospital à data do status atual (vivo/censura ou óbito). O nível de significância considerado foi de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: o rabdomioma é o tipo mais frequente (85%) de tumor cardíaco; apresenta alta morbidade (79,3%) e mortalidade geral de 17,4%; a presença de hidropisia fetal preditiva de óbito. Conclusão: A presença de hidropisia fetal teve impacto na mortalidade, sendo fator importante para aconselhamento e estabelecimento de prognóstico. A maioria dos óbitos ocorrem antes da alta hospitalar.


Abstract Background: This was a 30-year retrospective cohort study that approximates closely to the natural history of cardiac tumors diagnosed in the fetus, since there was no case of pregnancy interruption Objective: To assess morbidity and mortality in the perinatal period and at long term in fetuses diagnosed with cardiac tumor. Our secondary objective was to assess the evaluating factors of perinatal and postnatal results. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study with 74 pregnant women with an echocardiographic diagnosis of fetal cardiac tumor at two referral centers between May 1991 and November 2021. A descriptive analysis was performed, and data were expressed as absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies, median and interquartile range. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the association of echocardiographic characteristics and clinical manifestations with perinatal and postnatal results. Global survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the curves were compared by the log-rank test. The time of follow-up, calculated in months, corresponded to the time elapsed from hospital discharge to current status (survived/ censoring or death). The level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). Results: Rhabdomyoma is the most common type of cardiac tumor (85%), with a high morbidity (79.3%) and overall mortality of 17.4%. The presence of fetal hydrops was a predictor of death. Conclusion: The presence of fetal hydrops had an impact on mortality, and hence is an important factor in counselling and determining the prognosis. Most deaths occurred before hospital discharge.

2.
Femina ; 51(6): 350-360, 20230630. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512418

ABSTRACT

PONTOS-CHAVE O misoprostol é um análogo da prostaglandina E1 (PGE1) que consta na Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) desde 2005 O Brasil possui uma das regulações mais restritivas do mundo relacionadas ao uso do misoprostol, estabelecendo que o misoprostol tem uso hospitalar exclusivo, com controle especial, e venda, compra e propaganda proibidas por lei Atualmente, o misoprostol é a droga de referência para tratamento medicamentoso nos casos de aborto induzido, tanto no primeiro trimestre gestacional quanto em idades gestacionais mais avançadas O misoprostol é uma medicação efetiva para o preparo cervical e indução do parto O misoprostol é um medicamento essencial para o manejo da hemorragia pós-parto


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Misoprostol/adverse effects , Misoprostol/pharmacokinetics , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Abortion, Legal , Carcinogenic Danger , Parturition/drug effects , Gastrointestinal Diseases , Postpartum Hemorrhage/drug therapy
4.
Clinics ; 77: 100072, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394286

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To identify risk factors for Oxygen (O2) needs in pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19. Methods: Prospective cohort involving pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19 from April to October 2020. The oxygen need was analyzed regarding risk factors: demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory parameters at hospital admission, and chest Computer Tomography (CT) findings. Poisson univariate analysis was used to estimate the Relative Risk (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals. Results: 145 patients, 80 who used and 65 who did not use O2, were included. Body mass index ≥ 30, smoking, and chronic hypertension increased the risk of O2 need by 1.86 (95% CI 1.10-3.21), 1.57 (95% CI 1.16‒2.12), and 1.46 (95% CI 1.09‒1.95), respectively. Patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 and for obstetric reasons had 8.24 (95% CI 2.8‒24.29) and 3.44 (95% CI 1.05‒11.31) times more use of O2 than those admitted for childbirth and abortion. Respiratory rate ≥ 24 breaths/min and O2 saturation < 95% presented RR for O2 requirements of 2.55 (1.82‒3.56) and 1.68 (95% CI 1.27-2.20), respectively. Ground Glass (GG) < 50% and with GG ≥ 50%, the risk of O2 use were respectively 3.41-fold and 5.33-fold higher than in patients who haven't viral pneumonia on CT. The combination of C-reactive protein ≥ 21 mg/L, hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL, and lymphopenia < 1500 mm3 on hospital admission increased the risk of O2 use by 4.97-times. Conclusions: In obstetric patients, clinical history, laboratory, clinical and radiological parameters at admission were identified as a risk for O2 need, selecting the population with the greatest chance of worsening. HIGHLIGHTS In unvaccinated pregnant and postpartum women, any need for oxygen supply increases the risk of invasive ventilation. Obesity, smoking and chronic arterial hypertension proved to be risk factors for the use of oxygen in pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19. The combination of C-reactive protein ≥ 21 mg/L, hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL, and lymphopenia < 1500 mm on hospital admission and the presence of ground glass ≥ 50% in computer tomography increased the risk of O2 use by 4.97 and 5.33 times respectively in pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19.

5.
Clinics ; 77: 100073, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394290

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: To determine the incidence and risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes according to SARS-CoV-2 infection severity in pregnant women. Method: Open prospective study of pregnant women tested for SARS-CoV-2 by serological and molecular assays during pregnancy or delivery in two hospitals in Sao Paulo, Brazil from April 12, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Five groups were considered for analysis: C0, negative COVID-19 results and no COVID-19 symptoms; C1, positive COVID-19 results, and no symptoms; C2, positive COVID-19 results with mild symptoms; C3, positive COVID-19 results with moderate symptoms; and C4, positive COVID-19 results with severe symptoms. The association between obstetric and neonatal outcomes and COVID-19 severity was determined using multivariate analysis. Results: 734 eligible pregnant women were enrolled as follows: C0 (n = 357), C1 (n = 127), C2 (n = 174), C3 (n = 37), and C4 (n = 39). The following pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were associated with severe COVID-19: oligohydramnios (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 6.18; 95% CI 1.87‒20.39), fetal distress (aOR = 4.01; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.84‒8.75), preterm birth (aOR = 5.51; 95% CI 1.47‒20.61), longer hospital stay (aOR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.36‒2.02), and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (aOR = 19.36; 95% CI, 5.86‒63.99). All maternal (n = 6, 15.4%, p < 0.001) and neonatal (n = 5, 12.5%, p < 0.001) deaths and most fetal deaths (n = 4, 9.8%, p < 0.001) occurred in C4 group. Moderate COVID-19 was associated with oligohydramnios (aOR = 6.23; 95% CI 1.93‒20.13) and preterm birth (aOR = 3.60; 95% CI 1.45‒9.27). Mild COVID-19 was associated with oligohydramnios (aOR=3.77; 95% CI 1.56‒9.07). Conclusion: Adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were associated with maternal symptomatic COVID-19 status, and risk increased with disease severity. HIGHLIGHTS COVID-19 increases the rates of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Serious cases are associated with oligohydramnios, fetal distress, prematurity, neonatal ICU admission, maternal and neonatal deaths. The maternal clinical status dictates obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

6.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 66(6): 824-829, June 2020. tab
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136280

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To describe the concentration of total and specific IgG antibodies anti-Streptococcus B, anti-lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella spp, and anti-lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas spp in the umbilical cord of newborn(NB) twins and to analyze the association between neonatal infection and antibody concentration in the umbilical cord blood. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study of a cohort of NB twins admitted during the period of 20 months. Patients with malformations and mothers with infection were excluded. Variables analyzed: gestational age(GA); birth weight(BW); antibody concentrations in umbilical cord blood; infection episodes. We used the paired Student t-test, Spearman correlation, and generalized estimation equation. RESULTS 57 pairs of twins were included, 4 excluded, making the sample of 110 newborns. GA=36±1.65weeks and BW=2304.8±460g(mean±SD). Antibody concentrations in twins(mean±SD): total IgG=835.71±190.73mg/dL, anti-StreptococcusB IgG=250.66±295.1 AU/mL, anti-lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas spp IgG=280.04±498.66 AU/mL and anti-lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella spp IgG=504.75±933.93 AU/mL. There was a positive correlation between maternal antibody levels and those observed in newborns(p <0.005). The transplacental transfer of maternal total IgG and anti-LPS Pseudomonas IgG antibodies was significantly lower at NB GA <34 weeks(p <0.05). Five newborns were diagnosed with an infection. Infants with infection had significantly lower total IgG concentration(p <0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed a positive correlation between maternal and newborn antibodies levels. In infants younger than 34 weeks there is less transfer of total IgG and anti-LPS Pseudomonas IgG. The highest incidence of infection in the newborn group who had significantly lower total IgG serum antibodies reinforces the importance of anti-infectious protection afforded by passive immunity transferred from the mother.


RESUMO OBJETIVOS Descrever o título de anticorpos IgG total e específico anti-Streptococcus B, anti-lipopolissacarídeos(LPS) de Klebsiella e Pseudomonas no cordão umbilical em gêmeos e analisar a possível associação entre os títulos desses anticorpos e a ocorrência de infecção. MÉTODOS Estudo prospectivo transversal de uma coorte de recém-nascidos (RN) gemelares em 20 meses. Excluídos: malformação, infecção congênita ou materna. Variáveis estudadas: idade gestacional(IG); peso de nascimento(PN); título de anticorpos e episódios de infecção. Foram utilizados testes t-Student pareado, correlação de Spearman e equações de estimação generalizadas. RESULTADOS Elegíveis 59 pares de gêmeos, excluídos 4 e incluídos 55 pares (n=110RN). A IG foi 36±1,65semanas e o PN foi 2304,8±460g (média±DP). Concentrações de anticorpos dos RN(média±DP): IgG total=835,71±190,73 mg/dL, IgG anti-Streptococcus B=295,1±250,66 UA/mL, IgG anti-LPS Pseudomonas=280,04±498,66 UA/mL e IgG anti-LPS Klebsiella=504,75± 933,93UA/mL. Houve correlação positiva entre níveis de anticorpos maternos e aqueles observados nos RN (p<0,005). A transferência transplacentária de anticorpos maternos IgG total e IgG anti-LPS Pseudomonas foi significativamente menor em RN IG < 34semanas (p<0,05). Foram diagnosticados 5 RN com infecção. Os RN que apresentaram infecção tinham concentração de IgG total significativamente menor (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES Na população estudada existe correlação entre os anticorpos maternos e os níveis de anticorpos no RN. Nos gêmeos menores que 34 semanas há menor transferência de IgG total e IgG anti-LPS Pseudomonas. Nos RN com infecção a concentração de IgG total é significativamente menor, o que demonstra a maior vulnerabilidade e risco de infecção dessa população e a importância da imunidade passiva transferida pela placenta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Pseudomonas Infections/blood , Streptococcal Infections/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Klebsiella , Pseudomonas , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired , Infections
7.
Clinics ; 73: e210, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890763

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe the perinatal outcomes of type II and III selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) in monochorionic-diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies treated with expectant management or laser ablation of placental vessels (LAPV). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of cases of sFGR that received expectant management (type II, n=6; type III, n=22) or LAPV (type II, n=30; type III, n=9). The main outcomes were gestational age at delivery and survival rate. RESULTS: The smaller fetus presented an absent/reversed "a" wave in the ductus venosus (arAWDV) in all LAPV cases, while none of the expectant management cases presented arAWDV. The median gestational age at delivery was within the 32nd week for expectant management (type II and III) and for type II LAPV, and the 30th week for type III LAPV. The rate of at least one twin alive at hospital discharge was 83.3% and 90.9% for expectant management type II and III, respectively, and 90% and 77.8% for LAPV type II and III, respectively. CONCLUSION: LAPV in type II and III sFGR twins with arAWDV in the smaller fetus seems to yield outcomes similar to those of less severe cases that received expectant management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Placenta/surgery , Pregnancy Outcome , Laser Therapy/methods , Fetal Growth Retardation/mortality , Pregnancy, Twin , Placenta/blood supply , Twins, Monozygotic , Survival Rate , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Gestational Age , Laser Therapy/mortality , Fetal Death , Fetal Growth Retardation/surgery , Perinatal Death
8.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 39(11): 596-601, Nov. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-898840

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical and sonographic parameters associated with adverse fetal outcomes in patients with congenital parvovirus B19 infection managed by intrauterine transfusion. Methods This was a single-center retrospective study conducted from January 2005 to December 2016 that assessed patients with singleton pregnancies with fetal parvovirus infection confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction of the amniotic fluid or fetal blood samples who underwent at least one intrauterine transfusion. The maternal characteristics, sonographic findings and parameters related to intrauterine transfusion were compared between the two groups (recovery/non-recovery), who were categorized based on fetal response after in-utero transfusions. Progression to fetal death or delivery without fetal recovery after the transfusions was considered nonrecovery and categorized as an adverse outcome. Results The final analysis included ten singleton pregnancies: seven of which were categorized into the recovery group and three of which into the non-recovery group. The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. All fetuses were hydropic at the time of diagnosis. No significant differences related to sonographic or intrauterine transfusion parameters were identified between the groups; however, the nonrecovery group tended to have an increased number of sonographic markers and lower fetal hemoglobin and platelet levels before the transfusion. Conclusion We were unable to firmly establish the clinical or sonographic parameters associated with adverse fetal outcomes in patients with parvovirus infection managed with intrauterine transfusions; however, edema, placental thickening and oligohydramnios may indicate greater fetal compromise and, subsequently, adverse outcomes. However, further studies are necessary, mainly due to the small number of cases analyzed in the present study.


Resumo Objetivo Investigar os parâmetros clínicos e ultrassonográficos associados ao desfecho fetal adverso em pacientes com infecção congênita por parvovírus B19 manejada por meio de transfusão intrauterina. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de um único centro realizado entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2016, que avaliou pacientes com gestação única com infecção fetal por parvovírus confirmada por reação em cadeia da polimerase de líquido amniótico ou amostras de sangue fetal submetidas a pelo menos uma transfusão intrauterina. As características maternas, os achados ultrassonográficos e os parâmetros relacionados à transfusão intrauterina foram comparados entre os dois grupos (recuperação/não recuperação), que foram categorizados com base na resposta fetal após transfusão intrauterina. A progressão para morte fetal ou parto sem recuperação fetal após transfusões foi considerada não recuperação, e categorizada como um desfecho adverso. Resultados A análise final incluiu dez gravidezes únicas: sete foram categorizadas no grupo de recuperação, e três, no grupo de não recuperação. As características basais foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Todos os fetos estavam hidrópicos no momento do diagnóstico. Não foram identificadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em relação aos parâmetros ultrassonográficos ou os das transfusões intrauterinas; Entretanto, o grupo de não recuperação tendeu a ter um número aumentado demarcadores ultrassonográficos e níveis mais baixos de hemoglobina e plaquetas fetais antes da transfusão. Conclusão Não foi possível estabelecer firmemente os parâmetros clínicos ou ultrassonográficos associados ao desfecho fetal adverso em pacientes com infecção por parvovírus manejada por meio de transfusões intrauterinas. Entretanto, edema de pele, espessamento placentário e oligoidrâmnio podem indicar maior comprometimento fetal e, posteriormente, desfechos fetais adversos. No entanto, estudos adicionais são necessários, principalmente devido ao pequeno número de casos analisados neste estudo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Parvovirus B19, Human , Parvoviridae Infections/congenital , Fetal Diseases/virology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Parvoviridae Infections/diagnostic imaging , Fetal Diseases/diagnostic imaging
9.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(2): 162-170, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-780962

ABSTRACT

Summary A retrospective study from November 2004 to May 2012, conducted at the Obstetric Clinic of Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), which included 92 singleton pregnancies with prenatal diagnosis of trisomy of chromosome 21 (T21), 18, 13 (T13/18) and monosomy X (45X), with diagnosis performed until the 26th week of pregnancy. The aim of the study was to describe the frequency and to investigate predictors of spontaneous fetal death (FD). Diagnosis (T21, n=36; T13/18, n=25; 45X, n=31) was made at a mean gestational age of 18.3±3.7 weeks, through chorionic villus biopsy (n=22,24%), amniocentesis (n=66, 72%) and cordocentesis (n=4, 4%). Major malformations were present in 45 (49%); with hydrops in 32 (35%) fetuses, more frequently in 45X [n=24/31, 77% vs. T21 (n=6/36, 17%) and T13/18 (n=2/25, 8%), p<0.001]. Specialized fetal echocardiography was performed in 60% (55/92). Of these, 60% (33/55) showed changes in heart morphology and/or function. Fetuses with T13/18 had a higher incidence of cardiac anomalies [60 vs. 25% (T21) and 29% (45X), p= 0.01]. FD occurred in 55 (60%) gestations, being more frequent in 45X [n=26/31, 84% vs. T21 (n=13/36, 36%) and T13/18 (n=16/25, 64%), p<0.01]. Stepwise analysis showed a correlation between hydrops and death in fetuses with T21 (LR= 4.29; 95CI=1.9-8.0, p<0.0001). In fetuses with 45X, the presence of echocardiographic abnormalities was associated with lower risk of FD (LR= 0.56; 95CI=0.27- 0.85, p=0.005). No predictive factors were identified in the T13/18 group. Intra- uterine lethality of aneuploid fetuses is high. Occurrence of hydrops increases risk of FD in pregnancies with T21. In pregnancies with 45X, the occurrence of echocardiographic changes reduces this risk.


Resumo Estudo retrospectivo, de novembro de 2004 a maio de 2012, na Clínica Obstétrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, incluindo 92 gestações únicas com diagnóstico pré-natal de trissomia dos cromossomos 21 (T21), 18, 13 (T13/18) e monossomia do X (45X), realizado até a 26a semana, com o objetivo de descrever a frequência e investigar preditores do óbito fetal espontâneo (OF). O diagnóstico (T21: n=36; T13/T18: n=25; 45X: n=31) foi realizado em idade gestacional média de 18,3±3,7 semanas, por biópsia de vilo corial (n=22; 24%), amniocentese (n=66; 72%) e cordocentese (n=4; 4%). Malformação major presente em 45 (49%) fetos e hidropisia em 32 (35%), mais frequente no grupo 45X [n=24/31, 77% vs. T21 (n=6/36, 17%) e T13/18 (n=2/25, 8%); p<0,001]. Ecocardiografia fetal especializada foi realizada em 60% (55/92). Destes, 60% (33/55) tinham alterações na morfologia e/ou na função cardíaca. Fetos com T13/18 apresentaram incidência maior de anomalias cardíacas [60 vs. 25% (T21) e 29% (45X); p=0,01]. Ocorrência de OF em 55 (60%) gestações e mais frequente no grupo 45X [n=26/31, 84% vs. T21 (n=13/36, 36%) e T13/18 (n=16/25, 64%); p<0,01]. Análise stepwise demonstrou associação entre hidropisia e óbito em fetos com T21 (LR=4,29; IC95%=1,9-8,0; p<0,0001). Em fetos com 45X, a presença de alterações ecocardiográficas esteve associada com menor risco de OF (LR=0,56; IC95%=0,27-0,85; p=0,005). Não foram identificados fatores preditores no grupo T13/18. A letalidade intrauterina de fetos aneuploides é elevada. A presença de hidropisia aumenta o risco de OF em gestações com T21. Em gestações com 45X, a ocorrência de alterações ecocardiográficas reduz esse risco.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Trisomy , Turner Syndrome/complications , Down Syndrome/complications , Chromosome Disorders/complications , Fetal Death/etiology , Prenatal Diagnosis , Turner Syndrome/mortality , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 , Echocardiography/methods , Hydrops Fetalis/genetics , Sex Factors , Regression Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Gestational Age , Down Syndrome/mortality , Statistics, Nonparametric , Chromosome Disorders/mortality , Trisomy 13 Syndrome , Trisomy 18 Syndrome , Middle Aged
10.
Clinics ; 70(12): 816-819, Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-769704

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to compare different fetal growth curves in twin pregnancies with severe placental insufficiency. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 47 twin pregnancies with absent or reverse end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery of one fetus was performed. Pregnancies with major fetal abnormalities, twin-twin transfusion or three or more fetuses were not included. The estimated fetal weight zeta-scores were calculated for both fetuses (abnormal Doppler and co-twin) according to the following criteria: Hadlock, Liao and Araújo. The abdominal circumference zeta-scores were calculated according to Hadlock, Liao, Araújo, Ong and Stirrup. The mean estimates of the zeta-score values were calculated using generalized estimating equation regression analysis. The mean gestational age at inclusion was 27.4±4.7 weeks. The fetal sex and the interaction Doppler findings × criteria correlated significantly with the zeta-score values (p <0.001 for both variables). The estimated fetal weight mean zeta-scores (standard error) according to each criteria were as follows: Hadlock - abnormal Doppler: -2.98 (0.18), co-twin: -1.16 (0.15); Liao - abnormal Doppler: -2.89 (0.24), co-twin: -0.58 (0.19); and Araújo - abnormal Doppler: -3.05 (0.29), co-twin: -0.75 (0.18). Values for abdominal circumference were as follows: Hadlock - abnormal Doppler: -3.14 (0.26), co-twin: -1.13 (0.19); Liao - abnormal Doppler: -2.63 (0.27), co-twin: -0.42 (0.19); Araújo - abnormal Doppler: -2.44 (0.22), co-twin: -0.71 (0.14); Ong - abnormal Doppler: -3.36 (0.34), co-twin: -1.48 (0.23); and Stirrup AD -- -2.36 (0.14), co-twin: -1.18 (0.10). Sex- and plurality-specific charts should be used in the evaluation of fetal growth in twin pregnancies with placental insufficiency.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Fetal Development/physiology , Placental Insufficiency/physiopathology , Pregnancy, Twin/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Gestational Age , Pregnancy Outcome , Placental Insufficiency , Reference Values , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography, Doppler
11.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 60(6): 585-590, Nov-Dec/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-736320

ABSTRACT

Objective: to evaluate neonatal morbidity and mortality in monochorionic- -diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies complicated by selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) and non-selective intrauterine growth resctriction (nsIUGR). Methods: neonatal morbidity parameters and mortality were analyzed in 34 twins with IUGR (< 10th percentile on twins’ growth charts): 18 with sIUGR and 16 with nsIUGR. The sIUGR group was made up of 18 pregnancies in which growth was restricted in only one fetus (n = 18). The nsIUGR group was composed of 8 pregnancies in which both fetuses presented restricted growth (n = 16). Cases of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and fetal malformation were not included in the study. Results: the MCDA twin pregnancies with sIUGR had a higher rate of orotracheal intubation (p = 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.0006), as well as longer than average fasting time (p = 0.014) compared to those in which the fetuses had nsIUGR. A higher incidence was also observed of types II and III umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry patterns in the sIUGR cases (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference between the two groups as to mortality during pregnancy and the neonatal period (p = 0.09). Conclusion: in MCDA twin pregnancies, sIUGR presents more severe umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry abnormalities and worse morbidity than nsIUGR. .


Objetivo: avaliar a morbidade e mortalidade neonatal em gestações monocoriônicas e diamnióticas (MCDA) acometidas pela restrição de crescimento fetal seletiva (RCFS) e não seletiva (RCFNS). Métodos: os parâmetros de morbidade e mortalidade neonatais foram avaliados em 34 gêmeos com RCF (abaixo do percentil 10 de uma curva de crescimento para gêgêmeos): 18 com RCFS e 16 com RCFNS. O grupo com RCFS teve origem em 18 gestações, em que somente um feto apresentava RCF. O grupo com RCFNS teve origem em 8 gestações em que ambos os fetos apresentavam RCF. Foram excluídos deste estudo casos da síndrome da transfusão feto-fetal e malformações fetais. Resultados: os gêmeos de gestações MCDA com RCFS apresentaram maior frequência de entubação orotraqueal (p=0,001), ventilação mecânica (p=0,0006) e maior tempo em jejum durante internação (p=0,014), quando comparados aos gêmeos de gestações MCDA com RCFNS. No grupo com RCFS, também foram observados maior frequência de tipos II e III de dopplervelocimetria de artéria umbilical (p=0,002). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto à mortalidade neonatal (p=0,09). Conclusão: em gestações gemelares MCDA, a RCFS representa maior frequência de alterações severas na velocimetria Doppler da artéria umbilical e piores resultados na morbidade neonatal. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Fetal Growth Retardation , Perinatal Mortality , Twins, Monozygotic/statistics & numerical data , Umbilical Arteries , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Fasting , Follow-Up Studies , Fetal Growth Retardation/epidemiology , Fetal Growth Retardation/mortality , Fetal Growth Retardation , Intubation, Intratracheal , Length of Stay , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry/methods , Morbidity , Pregnancy, Twin , Respiration, Artificial , Retrospective Studies , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Umbilical Arteries
12.
Clinics ; 67(5): 451-455, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-626340

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to establish longitudinal reference ranges for fetal ultrasound biometry measurements and growth parameters in twin pregnancies. METHOD: A total of 200 uncomplicated twin pregnancies before 21 weeks of gestation were recruited for this prospective, longitudinal study. Women who abandoned follow-up, pregnancies with unknown outcomes or pregnancies with complications were excluded. Ultrasound scans were performed every three weeks, and biparietal and occipitofrontal diameters, head and abdominal circumferences, and femur diaphysis length measurements were obtained for each fetus at each visit. Estimated fetal weight, biparietal/occipitofrontal diameter, head circumference/abdominal circumference, and femur diaphysis length/abdominal circumference ratios were also calculated. Multilevel regression analysis was performed on normalized data. RESULTS: A total of 807 ultrasound examinations were performed in 125 twin pregnancies between 14 and 38 weeks of gestation (6.5±1.4 scans/pregnancy). Regression analysis demonstrated significant correlations for all variables with gestational age, namely log of the biparietal diameter (r = 0.98), log of the occipitofrontal diameter (r = 0.98), log of the head circumference (r = 0.99), log of the abdominal circumference (r = 0.98), square root of the femur length (r = 0.99), log of the estimated fetal weight (r = 0.99), biparietal/occipitofrontal ratio (r = -0.11), head/abdomen circumference ratio (r = -0.56), and log of the femur length/abdominal circumference ratio (r = 0.61). Values corresponding to the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles for estimated fetal weight at 28, 32, and 36 weeks, respectively, were as follows: 937, 1,096, 1,284 g; 1,462, 1,720, 2,025 g; and 2,020, 2,399, 2,849 g. CONCLUSION: In twin pregnancies, fetal ultrasound biometry measurements and growth parameters show a significant correlation with gestational age.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Biometry , Fetal Development , Pregnancy, Twin/physiology , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Abdomen , Femur , Fetal Weight/physiology , Gestational Age , Head , Occipital Bone , Prospective Studies , Reference Values
13.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 33(9): 240-245, set. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-609067

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da estimativa ultrassonográfica na predição do peso fetal e analisar fatores maternos e/ou fetais que interferem no resultado. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e transversal, que incluiu 106 pacientes, nas quais foram realizadas 212 avaliações pela ultrassonografia, por 2 observadores, no máximo 24 h antes do parto. Foram mensurados os seguintes parâmetros: diâmetro biparietal (DBP), circunferência cefálica (CC), circunferência abdominal (CA) e comprimento do fêmur (CF).O peso fetal foi estimado utilizando-se a fórmula de Hadlock 4 parâmetros, e os resultados foram comparados com o peso no nascimento. Os fatores maternos avaliados foram peso materno, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e distância entre a pele e o útero na ultrassonografia; e os fatores fetais: apresentação, posição, localização e espessura placentária, peso fetal e índice de líquido amniótico (ILA). RESULTADOS: Foi observada boa correlação entre o peso estimado e o peso no nascimento (R=0,97). Em 79,2 por cento dos casos, a variação do peso fetal estimado, em relação ao peso no nascimento, foi de até 10 por cento e, em 92,4 por cento dos casos, de até 15 por cento. O único fator materno que apresentou correlação positiva com o erro percentual na estimativa do peso fetal foi a distância entre a pele e o útero (R³0,56). A avaliação do peso fetal mostrou correlação negativa com o erro percentual (R=-0,36; p<0,001), com tendência significante em superestimar o peso no grupo abaixo de 1000 g (p<0,05). O ILA mostrou baixa relação negativa com o erro percentual (R=-0,21; p<0,001), sem diferença nos erros percentuais entre os diferentes grupos de ILA (p=0,516). CONCLUSÕES: A estimativa ultrassonográfica do peso fetal apresenta boa acurácia. O erro na estimativa do peso fetal é diretamente proporcional à distância entre a pele e o útero materno e inversamente proporcional ao peso fetal. O volume de líquido amniótico não interferiu significantemente na predição do peso fetal.


PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of ultrasound in fetal weight estimation and to evaluate maternal and/or fetal factors that could interfere in the result. METHODS: This was a transverse prospective study, involving 106 patients, with 212 fetal weight evaluations, by two observers, within 24 h to delivery. The following parameters were measured: biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femoral length. Fetal weight was estimated using the Hadlock formula and the results were compared to birth weight. The maternal factors examined were: weight, BMI, and skin to uterus distance measured by ultrasound, and the fetal factors were: presentation, position, placental localization and thickness, fetal weight, and amniotic fluid index (AFI). RESULTS: There was good correlation between estimated fetal weight and birth weight (R=0.97). In 79.2 percent and in 92.4 percent of cases the estimated fetal weight was within 10 percent and 15 percent of birth weight, respectively. The only maternal factor that presented a positive correlation with percent error in the estimate of fetal weight was the skin to uterus distance (R³0.56). Fetal weight showed negative correlation with percent error (R>-0.36; p<0.001), with a significant tendency to overestimate fetal weight in the group of very low weight - <1000 g (p<0.05). The AFI showed a low negative correlation with percent error (R=-0.21; p<0.001) with no difference between AFI groups (p=0.516). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound presented good accuracy in the estimation of fetal weight. The error of weight estimate was directly proportional to the skin to uterus distance and inversely proportional to fetal weight. AFI did not interfere significantly in the ultrasound prediction of fetal weight.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Fetal Weight , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results
14.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 33(5): 211-218, maio 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-596285

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: analisar a evolução dos casos de gêmeos unidos do diagnóstico pré-natal ao desfecho após o nascimento. MÉTODOS: análise descritiva, retrospectiva, dos casos de gêmeos unidos diagnosticados por exame ultrassonográfico durante o pré-natal. Foram avaliadas as características maternas, os exames ultrassonográficos e de ecocardiografia fetal do período antenatal, os dados do parto e dos recém-nascidos, bem como os resultados da separação cirúrgica e anatomopatológico. Os gêmeos foram classificados segundo o tipo de união e dados referentes aos aspectos ultrassonográficos, parto, evolução pós-natal e de sobrevida foram analisados. RESULTADOS: quarenta casos de gêmeos unidos foram incluídos no estudo. Observou-se 72,5 por cento de toracópagos, 12,5 por cento de parápagos, 7,5 por cento de onfalo-isquiópagos, 5 por cento de onfalópagos e 2,5 por cento de cefalópagos. A autorização judicial para interrupção da gestação foi solicitada em 58,8 por cento dos casos. Todos os casos em que não se realizou a interrupção judicial da gestação, o parto foi cesárea, em idade gestacional média de 35 semanas. Todos nasceram vivos com mediana do peso de 3.860 g e 88 por cento evoluíram para óbito pós-natal. Dos nascidos vivos, 10 por cento foram submetidos à separação cirúrgica com sobrevida de 60 por cento. A sobrevida geral foi de 7,5 por cento e a pós-natal, de 12 por cento. A avaliação antenatal da letalidade e da possibilidade de separação cirúrgica pós-natal foi precisa. Não foram observadas complicações maternas relacionadas ao parto. CONCLUSÃO: a gemelidade imperfeita apresenta prognóstico sombrio, relacionado, principalmente, às fusões cardíacas complexas presentes na maioria dos toracópagos. Em centros de referência, a avaliação ultrassonográfica e ecocardiográfica antenatal delineia com acurácia o prognóstico de letalidade e de possibilidade de separação cirúrgica pós-natal.


PURPOSE: the aim of this study was to analyze conjoined twins in terms of antenatal, delivery and postnatal aspects. METHODS: a retrospective descriptive analysis of prenatally diagnosed conjoined twins. Prenatal ultrasound and echocardiography, delivery details, postnatal follow-up, surgical separation and post mortem data were reviewed. The twins were classified according to the type of fusion between fetal structures. The following data were analyzed: ultrasound and echocardiographic findings, antenatal lethality and possibility of surgical separation, delivery details and survival rates. RESULTS: forty cases of conjoined twins were included in the study. There were 72.5 percent cases of thoracophagus, 12.5 percent of paraphagus, 7.5 percent of omphalo-ischiophagus, 5.0 percent of omphalophagus, and 2.5 percent of cephalophagus. Judicial termination of pregnancy was requested in 58.8 percent of the cases. Cesarean section was performed in all cases in which pregnancy was not terminated. The mean gestational age at delivery was 35 weeks; all twins were live births with a mean birth weight of 3,860 g and 88 percent died postnatally. Ten percent of the live borns were submitted to surgical separation with a 60 percent survival rate. The total survival rate was 7.5 percent and postnatal survival was 12 percent. Antenatal evaluation of lethality and possibility of surgical separation were precise. There were no maternal complications related to delivery. CONCLUSION: conjoined twins present a dismal prognosis mainly related to the complex cardiac fusion present in the majority of cases with thoracic sharing. At referring centers, prenatal ultrasound and echocardiographic evaluation accurately delineate fetal prognosis and the possibility of postnatal surgical separation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Twins, Conjoined/surgery , Prenatal Diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
15.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 57(2): 205-210, mar.-abr. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-584074

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever casos de gravidez de gêmeos unidos de acordo com a solicitação de autorização judicial para interrupção gravidez. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva das gestações de gêmeos unidos, sem possibilidade de sobrevida extrauterina ou de separação cirúrgica pós-natal, atendidos em um hospital terciário, entre 1998 e 2010. RESULTADOS: Entre 30 casos observados durante o período do estudo, seis (20,0 por cento) casais decidiram continuar com a gravidez, e, em cinco (16,7 por cento) casos, a autorização para interrupção da gestação não foi solicitada devido à idade gestacional avançada (> 25 semanas). A autorização para interromper a gravidez foi solicitada em 19 (63,3 por cento) casos: a permissão foi concedida em 12 (63,2 por cento), indeferida em cinco (26,3 por cento), e não se teve a informação do resultado em dois (10,5 por cento) casos. Nos casos submetidos à interrupção legal da gestação, o parto vaginal foi realizado em 83,3 por cento, e no grupo em que a autorização não foi concedida, a cesárea foi realizada em todos os casos (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: A solicitação da autorização judicial para o aborto é uma alternativa na gravidez de gêmeos unidos sem prognóstico de sobrevida pós-natal. Além disso, o sucesso de um parto vaginal pode ser obtido na maioria dos casos antes do terceiro trimestre, reduzindo os riscos à saúde da mulher e o sofrimento do casal.


OBJECTIVE: To describe pregnancies with conjoined twins according to the request for legal termination of pregnancy. METHODS: Retrospective review of pregnancies with conjoined twins, with no possibility of extrauterine survival or postnatal surgical separation, observed at a tertiary teaching hospital, between 1998 and 2010. RESULTS: Amongst 30 cases seen during the study period, six (20.0 percent) couples decided to continue with the pregnancy, termination of pregnancy was not requested due to advanced gestational age (> 25weeks) in 5 cases (16.7 percent). Legal authorization to terminate the pregnancy was requested in 19 (63.3 percent) cases: permission was granted in 12 (63.2 percent), denied in five (26.3 percent) and information was missing in two (10.5 percent) cases. A successful vaginal delivery was performed in 83.3 percent of the cases undergoing termination of pregnancy and a cesarean section was performed in all the remaining cases (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In pregnancies with conjoined twins and without fetal prognosis, legal termination of the pregnancy is an alternative. Moreover, a successful vaginal delivery can be performed in most cases before the third trimester, further reducing maternal risks and parental suffering.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Abortion, Legal/legislation & jurisprudence , Delivery, Obstetric/methods , Twins, Conjoined , Abortion, Legal , Abortion, Therapeutic/legislation & jurisprudence , Abortion, Therapeutic , Pregnancy Complications , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
16.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 56(4): 447-451, 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-557325

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the perinatal outcome of twin pregnancies delivered in a tertiary teaching hospital according to chorionicity. METHODS: A retrospective study involving 289 twin pregnancies delivered from January 2003 to December 2006 was carried out. Maternal and perinatal data were obtained from hospital charts and delivery logs. Chorionicity was determined by ultrasonography or histopathological study. RESULTS: Incidence of twin gestations was 3.4 percent and 96.4 percent were spontaneously conceived. 60.5 percent were dichorionic (DC), 30.8 percent of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA), 6.6 percent monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) and for 2.1 percent chorionicity was unknown. The mean gestation age at delivery was respectively 35.4, 33.6, 32.9 for DC, MCDA and MCMA. The mean birth weight was 2.171, 1.832 and 1.760 g respectively for DC, MC and MCMA. The proportion of fetuses delivered with less than 34 weeks in DC was of 21.7 percent, while in MCDA it was of 39.3 percent and in MCMA of 42.1 percent. Birth weight below the 10th centile occurred in 15.7 percent for DC, 22.5 percent for MCDA and 26.3 percent in MCMA. Congenital anomalies were observed in 21.3 percent in monochorionic and in 7.4 percent in the dichorionic. Lenght of hospital stay was shorter for DC when compared to MCDA and MCMA twins (13.1, 17.3 and 23.3 days, respectively). The proportion of twin pregnancies with both babies discharged alive were 85.7 percent in DC and 61.1 percent in MC. CONCLUSION: The rate of preterm deliveries and low birth weight is higher in monochorionic pregnancies when compared to dichorionic twins. However, when adjusted for complications such as fetal abnormalities and twin-twin transfusion syndrome, double survival rates were similar in the two groups.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar o resultado perinatal nas gestações gemelares com partos em hospital universitário segundo a corionicidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 289 gestações gemelares com partos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, no período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2006. Os dados maternos e fetais foram obtidos através dos livros de parto e dos prontuários da instituição. A corionicidade foi determinada pela ultrassonografia ou pelo exame anatomopatológico. RESULTADOS: A incidência de gestação gemelar foi de 3,4 por cento sendo 96,6 por cento naturalmente concebidas. Dos 578 conceptos, 60,5 por cento eram de gestações dicoriônicas (DC), 30,8 por cento monocoriônicas diamnióticas (MCDA), 6,6 por cento monocoriônicas monoamnióticas (MCMA) e em 2,1 por cento a corionicidade era desconhecida. A idade gestacional (IG) média do parto foi de 34,6 semanas (DP= 3,9) e o peso médio ao nascimento foi de 2.031g (DP= 693). Nas gestações DC a IG média foi de 35,4 semanas (DP=3,5); MCDA foi de 33,6 (DP=3,9) e nas MCMA foi de 32,9 (DP= 4,5), sendo estatisticamente significativo. O peso médio ao nascer foi 2.171g, 1.832g e 1.760g, respectivamente, para as gestações DC, MCDC e MCMA. A proporção de fetos com IG no parto abaixo de 34 semanas nas gestações DC foi de 21,7 por cento enquanto nas MCDA foi de 39,3 por cento e nas MCMA foi de 42,1 por cento. A frequência de fetos abaixo do percentil 10 para gêmeos foi 15,7 por cento DC, 22,5 por cento MCDA e 26,3 por cento nas MCMA. As malformações fetais foram observadas em 21,3 por cento das monocoriônicas e em 7,4 por cento nas dicoriônicas. O período de hospitalização foi menor nas dicorionicas quando comparadas com as MCDA e MCMA (17,1; 17,3 e 23,3 dias, respectivamente). A porcentagem de alta hospitalar de ambos os recém-nascidos com vida foi maior nas gestações DC (85,7 por cento) do que nas gestações MC (61,1 por cento), porém quando excluídas as complicações (malformações fetais e a síndrome da transfusão feto-fetal) a sobrevida de ambos os recém-nascidos nas MC foi de 80 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A idade gestacional do parto, o peso ao nascimento e a restrição do crescimento fetal são significativamente menores nas gestações monocoriônicas. A chance de o casal levar para casa dois filhos vivos é semelhante nas gestações dicoriônicas e nas monocoriônicas na ausência de complicações. Porém, na presença de malformações e da síndrome da transfusão feto-fetal, esta chance se reduz para 60 por cento, sendo pior nas monocoriônica monoamnóticas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , Pregnancy, Multiple/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Hospitals, Teaching , Perinatal Mortality , Retrospective Studies , Twins, Dizygotic , Twins, Monozygotic
17.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 55(5): 575-580, 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-530560

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a evolução pré e pós-natal dos fetos com translucência nucal (TN) aumentada e cariótipo normal. MÉTODOS: Duzentos e setenta e cinco fetos com TN aumentada foram avaliados no setor de Medicina Fetal da Clínica Obstétrica do HC-FMUSP. Esses casos foram submetidos à avaliação do cariótipo, ultrassonografia seriada, ecocardiografias fetal e pós-natal e avaliação clínica genética pós-natal. RESULTADOS: Em 14,2 por cento dos casos, o cariótipo esteve alterado e em 85,8 por cento o cariótipo ou fenótipo foi normal. Nos casos com cariótipo normal, a ultrassonografia morfológica de segundo trimestre esteve alterada em 24,7 por cento, destes, um terço apresentou malformações estruturais maiores, sendo 35,7 por cento cardíacas. Resultados gestacionais adversos, como abortamento, óbitos intraútero e neonatal ocorreram em 10,2 por cento dos casos. A avaliação pós-natal foi realizada em 72,7 por cento das crianças, mostrando-se alterada em 14,8 por cento. A frequência de criança viva e saudável diminuiu com o aumento da medida da TN, sendo de 37,5 por cento quando a TN foi igual ou maior que 4,5 mm. CONCLUSÃO: Nos fetos com TN aumentada e cariótipo normal, quanto maior a medida da TN maior a frequência de malformações estruturais, em especial defeitos cardíacos, resultados gestacionais adversos e alterações na avaliação pós-natal.


OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy and postnatal outcomes of fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT) and normal karyotype. METHODS: Two hundred seventy five fetuses with increased NT were examined with karyotyping analysis, serial ultrasound scans, echocardiography and postnatal clinical and genetic evaluation at the Fetal Medicine Unit - Department of Obstetrics - São Paulo University. RESULTS: The karyotype was abnormal in 14.2 percent of the cases and normal in 85.8 percent. In cases with normal karyotype 24.7 percent presented structural abnormalities at the anomaly scan, one third of these were major malformations with 35.7 percent of heart defects. Adverse pregnancy outcome such as miscarriages, intrauterine and neonatal deaths occurred in 10.2 percent of cases. Of the infants 72.7 percent had postnatal examination, with 14.8 percent presenting abnormalities. Chances of having a live and healthy child decreased with increased NT thickness, and were of 37.5 percent for NT above 4.5mm. CONCLUSION: In cases with increased NT thickness and normal karyotype, the frequency of fetal malformations, especially heart defects, adverse pregnancy outcome and postnatal abnormalities is related to the NT thickness.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Heart Defects, Congenital , Nuchal Translucency Measurement , Brazil/epidemiology , Chromosome Aberrations/embryology , Epidemiologic Methods , Fetal Development , Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics , Heart Defects, Congenital , Karyotyping , Live Birth/epidemiology , Live Birth/genetics , Postnatal Care , Reference Values
18.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 55(1): 54-59, 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-511067

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência de anomalias cromossômicas em fetos com translucência nucal (TN) aumentada, e a frequência de malformações estruturais, a evolução e o resultado da gestação nos fetos com TN aumentada e cariótipo anormal. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo envolvendo 246 casos com medida da TN acima do percentil 95º para a idade gestacional, com cariótipo fetal conhecido ou avaliação clínica das crianças no período pós-natal. Os casos foram acompanhados no setor de Medicina Fetal do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: O resultado do cariótipo fetal esteve alterado em 14,2 por cento dos casos. O acompanhamento dessas gestações revelou anormalidade estruturais em 80,8 por cento dos fetos, sendo as anormalidades cardíacas as mais comuns (61,5 por cento). Resultados gestacionais adversos, como abortamento, óbitos intraútero e neonatal ocorreram em 76,5 por cento dos fetos. CONCLUSÃO: Translucência nucal aumentada, entre 11 - 13 semanas e 6 dias, é importante marcador de anomalias cromossômicas fetais e malformações estruturais fetais, principalmente cardíacas. Diante deste achado, há aumento do risco de abortamento, óbito intrauterino e neonatal para estas gestações.


OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT) measurement. Incidence of structural abnormalities and pregnancy outcome was also described in fetuses with increased NT and abnormal karyotype. METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving 246 fetuses with increased NT and known karyotype followed at the Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School. RESULTS: Fetal karyotype was abnormal in 14.2 percent of the cases. Ultrasound anomaly scan and specialized echocardiographic studies in these cases showed fetal structural abnormalities in 80.8 percent and cardiac defects were found in 61.5 percent of the fetuses. Pregnancy outcome was abnormal in 76.5 percent of these women. CONCLUSION: Increased NT measurement at 11 to 13 weeks and 6 days is an important marker for fetal chromosomal and structural abnormalities, mainly fetal cardiac defects. This finding also indicates increased risk of spontaneous fetal and neonatal death.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Chromosome Aberrations/statistics & numerical data , Congenital Abnormalities , Nuchal Translucency Measurement/methods , Abortion, Spontaneous/genetics , Abortion, Spontaneous , Chromosome Disorders/genetics , Chromosome Disorders/ultrastructure , /genetics , Congenital Abnormalities/genetics , Echocardiography , Gestational Age , Pregnancy Outcome , Pregnancy Trimesters , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Prognosis , Risk Factors
19.
Clinics ; 64(2): 91-96, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-505369

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report our initial institutional experience with fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of placental anastomoses in severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome using a 1.0 mm endoscope. METHODS: Between July 2006 and June 2008, 19 monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies complicated by severe TTTS (Quintero stages III and IV) underwent fetoscopic laser therapy. Perinatal data were prospectively collected and compared according to the Quintero stages. RESULTS: Nine patients were classified as stage III and ten as stage IV. The Mean gestational ages at diagnosis and procedure were 20 (range: 17-25) and 22.0 (range: 19.0-26.0) weeks, respectively, with no statistical difference between the two groups. Preterm premature rupture of the membranes occurred in two cases (10.5 percent), and spontaneous preterm delivery in eight (42.1 percent). Overall mean gestational age at delivery was 32.1 (range: 26.0-38.0) weeks. Prematurity was more severe in stage IV patients (p<0.01). Among all cases, the overall survival rate was 52.6 percent, and the percentages of pregnancies with survival of both babies and at least one twin were 26.3 percent and 78.9 percent, respectively. In the case of stage III patients, the overall survival rate was 61.1 percent. Of the stage III pregnancies, 33.3 percent resulted in both babies surviving, and 88.9 percent of these pregnancies resulted in at least one surviving twin. For stage IV, as the corresponding statistics were 45.0 percent, 20.0 percent and 70.0 percent respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial institutional experience with 1.0 mm fetoscopic laser therapy for severe TTTS showed results similar to those reported in the literature for larger endoscopes.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Fetofetal Transfusion/surgery , Fetoscopy/methods , Laser Therapy/methods , Light Coagulation/methods , Fetofetal Transfusion , Gestational Age , Pregnancy Outcome , Premature Birth , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Survival Rate , Twins, Monozygotic
20.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 44(6): 423-427, dez. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-515118

ABSTRACT

Human parvovirus B19 infection is known to be one of the causes of hydrops fetalis. The maternal infection caused by the virus may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. In this study, 40 pregnant women with gestational age of approximately 25 weeks, prenatal diagnosis of non immune hydrops fetalis and suspected of human parvovirus B19 infection were studied between January 1999 and December 2005. Serology results and detection of DNA in the maternal serum, foetal serum and amniotic fluid confirmed that 20 pregnant women had been infected by human parvovirus B19. The ultrasound examination demonstrated foetal hydrops, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, cardiopathy and amniotic fluid disorders. Among the positive cases, there were three fatal losses, one by miscarriage and two by intrauterine foetal death.


A infecção por parvovírus humano B19 é um dos responsáveis pela hidropsia fetal. A infecção materna causada pelo vírus pode ser sintomática ou assintomática. Neste estudo 40 mulheres com idade gestacional de aproximadamente 25 semanas, diagnóstico pré-natal de hidropsia fetal e suspeita de infecção por parvovírus humano B19 foram avaliadas durante o período de janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2005. Os resultados de sorologia e detecção de DNA no soro materno, fetal e fluido amniótico confirmaram 20 mulheres grávidas com infecção por parvovírus humano B19. A análise de ultra-som demonstrou hidropsia fetal, anemia, hepatosplenomegalia, ascite, cardiopatia e desordens amnióticas. Entre os casos positivos, ocorreram três perdas fetais: uma por aborto e duas por morte fetal intra-uterina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Hydrops Fetalis/diagnosis , Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Parvoviridae Infections/epidemiology , /genetics , /immunology , Cytogenetic Analysis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/genetics , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Parvoviridae Infections/complications , Parvoviridae Infections , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
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